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Updated CIPS Reliable Exam Tips and Valid L4M2 Exam Fee
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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):
NEW QUESTION # 57
Ymira is asked to develop the specification for water purifier which will be used at the company headquarter.
She believes that the specification can be drafted based on the information available on the Internet, such as blog posts, comparison websites, how-to websites, life hacks, etc. Which of the following traits will make the information more useful?
- A. Objectivity
- B. Subjectivity
- C. Trustworthy sources
- D. Written by inexperienced author
- E. Promotional information
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Internet is a great source of information, however, information from the Internet needs to be tested for accuracy and reliability. To check the information from the Internet, a buyer can use the criteria with acronym SAMOA:
Source (of the information)
Audience (intended as the recipient of the information)
Methodology (used to collect and analyse the data)
Objectivity (of the information - there should be no bias)
Accuracy
NEW QUESTION # 58
Company A sells a product for $100. The total unit variable costs are $60. Fixed costs as in its ac-count are
$20,000. How many products does the company have to sell to achieve break-even point?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
Break even point = Fixed costs/(Price-variable cost). In this case, break even point = 20,000/(100-60) = 500
NEW QUESTION # 59
In Kano model, which of the following types of requirement should be excluded from the product or service?
- A. Reverse requirements
- B. Attractive requirements
- C. Performance requirements
- D. Must-be requirements
Answer: A
Explanation:
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements (or Must-be requirement). The basic requirements fulfill the basic func-tions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied. On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements (or One-dimensional requirements). As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level - the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements (or Attractive requirements). These requirements are key to cus-tomer satisfaction. If they are present or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse require-ments bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
Reference:
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products
- CIPS study guide page 171-172
NEW QUESTION # 60
A buyer in Housing Authority is considering using performance specification in upcoming social housing project. What should buyer be aware when using this type of specification?
- A. The buyer must be able to define the materials to be used, the execution and installation methods required and the specific design of the building
- B. Using performance specification means that the buyer will bear all the risks regarding the fitness for purpose of the facility.
- C. The buyer must be able to clearly define the performance metrics to ensure that the of-fered solution will achieve the desired outcome
- D. In performance specification, specific brands and preferred suppliers must be appointed to avoid the competition
Answer: C
Explanation:
In construction, specifications are written documents that describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information but need to be read alongside other contract documentation such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which the design has been developed, ranging from performance (open) specifications that require further design by a contractor or sup-plier, to prescriptive (closed) specifications where the design is already complete when the project is tendered.
Prescriptive specifications give the client more certainty about the end product when they make their final investment decision (i.e. when they appoint the contractor), whereas a performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.
Typically, performance specifications are written on projects that are straight-forward, standard building types, whereas prescriptive specifications are written for more complex buildings, or buildings where the client has requirements that might not be familiar to contractors and where certainty regarding the exact nature of the completed development is more important to the client.
Performance specification has some disadvantages:
- Well-defined performance metrics are needed to ensure that the specified performance will achieve the desired outcome
- Require reliable, practical, economical tests of performance
- Evaluations are subjective and require additional time and effort to complete Therefore, if a performance specification is used, the buying organisation will have to ensure that they are able to define and conduct tests on whether supplier's solution can deliver the desired out-come.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which of the following are most likely to negatively affect the suppliers' bargaining power in a specific market? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Substitute products are readily available in the market
- B. Many suppliers are intent on integrating buyers into their business
- C. There are almost no threats of backward integration
- D. There are no differences among suppliers' products
- E. Buyers incur high cost when they change their suppliers
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The bargaining power of supplier is a major determinant of the structure of an industry and also how much profit is available to organisation operating in that industry. Supplier is weak if:
- Substitutes are available and easy to access
- Suppliers are small and fragmented
- The industry is important to the seller
- The sellers' product or service is not an important of the industry's value chain
- The sellers' product or service is undifferentiated
- There are no significant switching costs
- There is no threat of forward integration.
Suppliers may have more power:
- If they are in concentrated numbers compared to buyers.
- If there are high switching costs associated with a move to another supplier.
- If they are able to integrate forward or begin producing the product themselves.
- If they have specific expertise or technology needed to manufacture goods.
- If their product is highly differentiated.
- If there are many buyers and none make up significant portions of sales.
- If there are no substitutes available.
- If there are strong end users who can exert power over the organization in favor of a supplier (This can be the case in labor situations).
In all of these cases, the bargaining power of suppliers is high to demand premium prices and set their own timelines.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 62
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