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SAVE International Value Methodology Associate 認定 VMA 試験問題 (Q56-Q61):

質問 # 56
"When" is represented by which of the following letters?

A. C
B. B
C. D
D. A

正解：D

解説：
The diagram provided is a Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram, a key tool in Value Methodology's Function Analysis phase, as taught in the VMF 1 course (Core Competency #2). FAST diagrams map the relationships between functions of a system, with specific directions indicating the logic of the functions:
* The horizontal axis represents the "how-why" logic (critical path), where moving left answers "why" and moving right answers "how."
* The vertical axis represents the "when" direction, indicating functions that occur simultaneously or continuously while the critical path functions are performed (e.g., all-the-time functions, as noted in Question 27).
According to SAVE International's Value Methodology Standard, "in a FAST diagram, the 'when' direction is shown by vertical relationships, indicating functions that are concurrent or supporting the critical path." In the diagram:
* The critical path (horizontal, marked by Y in Question 3) runs from E to F to G to J to L to M to N to O.
* Scope lines are labeled B (left) and D (right), as identified in Question 30.
* Vertical arrows (e.g., Z in Question 3, pointing to J-K) indicate the "when" direction, showing functions that occur simultaneously with the critical path functions.
* Ais a horizontal line at the bottom of the diagram, but in FAST diagramming, the vertical axis (and its bounding lines) is associated with the "when" direction. The options (A, B, C, D) include A as the bottom horizontal line, which, in some FAST diagram interpretations, can be seen as marking the boundary of the "when" direction (vertical relationships).
* C(noted in Question 30) is an arrow pointing left, representing the "why" direction, not "when." Given the options,Ais the closest representation of the "when" direction, as it aligns with the vertical axis's boundary, which defines the space where "when" relationships (simultaneous functions) are shown. In standard FAST diagramming, the "when" direction is vertical, and A, as the bottom horizontal line, frames the vertical space where these relationships are depicted (e.g., S, T, U, K).
* Option A (A) is correct, as it represents the boundary of the vertical axis, which is associated with the
"when" direction in FAST diagrams.
* Option B (B) is incorrect because B is a scope line (left vertical), which defines the study's boundary, not the "when" direction.
* Option C (C) is incorrect because C is an arrow indicating the "why" direction (left), not "when."
* Option D (D) is incorrect because D is the right scope line, not related to the "when" direction.
:
SAVE International, VMF 1 Core Competency #2 (Function Analysis), defining the "when" direction in FAST diagrams as vertical, indicating simultaneous functions.
SAVE International, "Value Methodology Standard," section on Function Analysis, describing FAST diagramming conventions, including the "when" direction as vertical relationships.

質問 # 57
Which of the following functions is a Subject Objective?

A. Function P
B. Function R
C. Function Q
D. Function O

正解：A

解説：
The diagram provided is a Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram, a key tool in Value Methodology's Function Analysis phase, as taught in the VMF 1 course (Core Competency #2). In FAST diagramming, the "Subject Objective" refers to the overarching goal or need that the system addresses, often aligned with the higher-order function or an external objective outside the study's scope. According to SAVE International's Value Methodology Standard, "the Subject Objective is typically the highest-level objective for which the subject scope exists, often located to the left of the left scope line, representing an external goal or assumption." This aligns with the definition of a higher-order function but extends to the external context.
In the FAST diagram:
* The scope lines are labeled B (left) and D (right), as identified in Question 30.
* The critical path (horizontal) runs from E to F to G to J to L to M to N to O, with E being the higher- order function just inside the left scope line.
* Functions P, Q, and R are to the left of the left scope line (B), indicating they are outside the study's scope and represent external objectives or assumptions.
* Function O is the rightmost function on the critical path, inside the scope, representing a specific outcome, not the Subject Objective.
The Subject Objective is the broadest external goal, often the "why" behind the higher-order function (E).
Among P, Q, and R,Function Pis the leftmost, directly to the left of the left scope line (B), making it the most likely candidate for the Subject Objective, as it represents the ultimate external goal driving the system (e.g., a customer need like "enhance security" for a door system).
* Option A (Function P) is correct, as it is to the left of the left scope line, aligning with the definition of a Subject Objective.
* Option B (Function Q) is incorrect because Q is further to the left but not as directly tied to the scope line as P, which is the primary external objective.
* Option C (Function R) is incorrect for the same reason as Q; it is external but not the primary Subject Objective.
* Option D (Function O) is incorrect because O is inside the scope, on the critical path, representing a specific outcome, not the Subject Objective.
:
SAVE International, VMF 1 Core Competency #2 (Function Analysis), defining the Subject Objective as the external goal to the left of the scope line in FAST diagrams.
SAVE International, "Value Methodology Standard," section on Function Analysis, describing FAST diagramming conventions, including the role of external objectives (consistent with Questions 18 and 30).

質問 # 58
Which of the following techniques involves capturing input from multiple customers and stakeholders at the same time?

A. Interviews
B. Surveys
C. Questionnaires
D. Focus panels

正解：D

解説：
In Value Methodology (VM), gathering input from customers and stakeholders is a key activity, particularly during the Information Phase of the VM Job Plan, as taught in the VMF 1 course (Core Competency #3:
Value Methodology Job Plan). According to SAVE International's Value Methodology Standard, various techniques are used to collect stakeholder input, including interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and focus panels. The standard defines these as follows:
* Interviews: One-on-one discussions with individual stakeholders to gather detailed insights.
* Questionnaires: Written sets of questions distributed to stakeholders, typically completed individually.
* Surveys: Similar to questionnaires, often distributed to a larger group, with responses collected individually.
* Focus panels: Group discussions involving multiple customers and stakeholders simultaneously, designed to capture collective input and foster dialogue.
The question specifies a technique that involves capturing input "at the same time" from multiple customers and stakeholders, which aligns with the definition offocus panels. Focus panels (or focus groups) bring together diverse stakeholders in a single session to discuss needs, preferences, and concerns, allowing for real- time interaction and consensus-building, which is particularly useful in VM studies to understand project objectives and constraints.
* Option A (Interviews) is incorrect because interviews are typically conducted one-on-one, not with multiple stakeholders simultaneously.
* Option B (Questionnaires) is incorrect because questionnaires are completed individually, not in a group setting at the same time.
* Option C (Surveys) is incorrect because surveys are also completed individually, often asynchronously, not at the same time.
* Option D (Focus panels) is correct, as it involves capturing input from multiple stakeholders simultaneously in a group setting.
:
SAVE International, "Value Methodology Standard and Body of Knowledge," available athttps://www.value- eng.org, detailing stakeholder engagement techniques in the Information Phase.
SAVE International, VMF 1 Core Competency #3 (Value Methodology Job Plan), emphasizing methods like focus panels for gathering collective stakeholder input.

質問 # 59
Which of the following is a basic function of a bicycle?

A. Provide Transportation
B. Transport Goods
C. Move People
D. Transport Mass

正解：A

解説：
Function Analysis in Value Methodology involves identifying and classifying functions using verb-noun combinations, as taught in the VMF 1 course (Core Competency #2). The basic function of an item is its primary purpose-what it must do to fulfill its intended use. For a bicycle, the basic function is the most general and essential action it performs. According to SAVE International's Value Methodology Standard, functions should be defined in broad, measurable terms (e.g., verb-noun format) to capture the core purpose.
The basic function of a bicycle is to "provide transportation," as this encompasses its primary role of enabling movement for people or goods.
* Option A (Transport Mass) is incorrect because "mass" is too vague and not specific to the bicycle's purpose; it could apply to any object being moved.
* Option B (Move People) is incorrect because, while a bicycle often moves people, this is a secondary function-bicycles can also transport goods (e.g., in cargo bikes), so it's not the most fundamental function.
* Option C (Provide Transportation) is correct because it captures the bicycle's primary purpose in the broadest sense, covering both people and goods, aligning with VM's focus on defining basic functions at a high level.
* Option D (Transport Goods) is incorrect because transporting goods is a specific use case, not the bicycle's primary function, which is broader.
:
SAVE International, VMF 1 Core Competency #2 (Function Analysis), which includes defining basic functions using verb-noun combinations.
SAVE International, "Value Methodology Standard," section on Function Analysis, emphasizing the identification of basic functions as the core purpose of an item.

質問 # 60
All-the-time functions are:

A. Continuous
B. Outside the study scope
C. Undesirable
D. A drain on resources

正解：A

解説：
In Value Methodology's Function Analysis, functions are classified based on their characteristics, as taught in the VMF 1 course (Core Competency #2: Function Analysis). According to SAVE International's Value Methodology Standard, "all-the-time functions are those that occur continuously or are always active during the operation of the system." In a FAST diagram, all-the-time functions are often shown vertically (e.g.,
"when" direction) alongside the critical path, indicating they are ongoing while the main functions are performed. For example, in a car, "provide safety" (e.g., through seatbelts) is an all-the-time function because it is always active when the car is in use. This aligns with the FAST diagramming convention of showing simultaneous functions.
* Option A (Outside the study scope) is incorrect because all-the-time functions are within the scope if they are part of the system's operation, though they may be supporting functions.
* Option B (A drain on resources) is incorrect because all-the-time functions are not necessarily resource- intensive; they are simply continuous.
* Option C (Continuous) is correct, as it matches the definition of all-the-time functions in VM.
* Option D (Undesirable) is incorrect because all-the-time functions are not inherently undesirable; they may be essential (e.g., "provide safety").
:
SAVE International, VMF 1 Core Competency #2 (Function Analysis), defining all-the-time functions as continuous in FAST diagramming.
SAVE International, "Value Methodology Standard," section on Function Analysis, describing all-the-time functions as those that occur continuously during system operation.

質問 # 61
......

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試験の準備方法-高品質なVMA復習内容試験-100％合格率のVMA受験資格

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SAVE International Value Methodology Associate 認定 VMA 試験問題 (Q56-Q61):

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