CAS-004試験問題、CAS-004出題内容

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CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP+) Exam 認定 CAS-004 試験問題 (Q533-Q538):

質問 # 533
An organization is looking to establish more robust security measures by implementing PKI. Which of the following should the security analyst implement when considering mutual authentication?

A. Shared secret for both endpoints
B. A common private key on each endpoint
C. Public keys on both endpoints
D. A common public key on each endpoint
E. Perfect forward secrecy on both endpoints

正解：C

解説：
Public keys on both endpoints are required for implementing PKI-based mutual authentication. PKI stands for Public Key Infrastructure, which is a system that manages the creation, distribution, and verification of certificates. Certificates are digital documents that contain public keys and identity information of their owners. Certificates are issued by trusted authorities called Certificate Authorities (CAs), and can be used to prove the identity and authenticity of the certificate holders. Mutual authentication is a process in which two parties authenticate each other at the same time using certificates. Mutual authentication can provide stronger security and privacy than one-way authentication, where only one party is authenticated. In PKI-based mutual authentication, each party has a certificate that contains its public key and identity information, and a private key that corresponds to its public key. The private key is kept secret and never shared with anyone, while the public key is shared and used to verify the identity and signature of the certificate holder. The basic steps of PKI-based mutual authentication are as follows:
* Party A sends its certificate to Party B.
* Party B verifies Party A's certificate by checking its validity, signature, and trust chain. If the certificate
* is valid and trusted, Party B extracts Party A's public key from the certificate.
* Party B generates a random challenge (such as a nonce or a timestamp) and encrypts it with Party A's public key. Party B sends the encrypted challenge to Party A.
* Party A decrypts the challenge with its private key and sends it back to Party B.
* Party B compares the received challenge with the original one. If they match, Party B confirms that Party A is the legitimate owner of the certificate and has possession of the private key.
* The same steps are repeated in reverse, with Party A verifying Party B's certificate and sending a challenge encrypted with Party B's public key.
A: Perfect forward secrecy on both endpoints is not required for implementing PKI-based mutual authentication. Perfect forward secrecy (PFS) is a property of encryption protocols that ensures that the compromise of a long-term secret key (such as a private key) does not affect the security of past or future session keys (such as symmetric keys). PFS can enhance the security and privacy of encrypted communications, but it does not provide authentication by itself.
B: Shared secret for both endpoints is not required for implementing PKI-based mutual authentication. Shared secret is a method of authentication that relies on a pre-shared piece of information (such as a password or a passphrase) that is known only to both parties. Shared secret can provide simple and fast authentication, but it does not provide non-repudiation or identity verification.
D: A common public key on each endpoint is not required for implementing PKI-based mutual authentication.
A common public key on each endpoint would imply that both parties share the same certificate and private key, which would defeat the purpose of PKI-based mutual authentication. Each party should have its own unique certificate and private key that proves its identity and authenticity.
E: A common private key on each endpoint is not required for implementing PKI-based mutual authentication.
A common private key on each endpoint would imply that both parties share the same certificate and public key, which would defeat the purpose of PKI-based mutual authentication. Each party should have its own unique certificate and private key that proves its identity and authenticity.

質問 # 534
While investigating a security event, an analyst finds evidence that a user opened an email attachment from an unknown source. Shortly after the user opened the attachment, a group of servers experienced a large amount of network and resource activity. Upon investigating the servers, the analyst discovers the servers were encrypted by ransomware that is demanding payment within 48 hours or all data will be destroyed. The company has no response plans for ransomware.
Which of the following is the NEXT step the analyst should take after reporting the incident to the management team?

A. Notify law enforcement.
B. Isolate the servers to prevent the spread.
C. Request that the affected servers be restored immediately.
D. Pay the ransom within 48 hours.

正解：B

質問 # 535
During a forensics investigation, a security professional needs to identify ISO images in a computer system where the ISO extension has been purposely removed or replaced with another extension. Which of the following tools will accomplish this task?

A. OllyDbg
B. ldd
C. file
D. Isof

正解：C

解説：
"In forensic analysis on Unix#like systems, the file utility examines the magic number and header information of a file to determine its true type, regardless of its filename or extension. This makes it invaluable when an adversary has renamed or stripped extensions from files to evade detection."
- CompTIA CASP+ Official Study Guide, Third Edition, Chapter 7: Forensics and Incident Response, p. 485
"Use the file command as part of your forensic toolkit to validate image files (e.g., ISO, E01) by their internal signatures. This approach is more reliable than relying on extensions or filenames alone."
- CompTIA CASP+ CAS-004 Exam Objectives (v7.1), Section 5.2: Forensic Analysis Techniques, p. 33 By leveraging the file utility's signature#based detection, the investigator can accurately identify ISO images even when their extensions have been altered or removed.
References:
CompTIA CASP+ Official Study Guide, Third Edition, p. 485
CompTIA CASP+ CAS-004 Exam Objectives (v7.1), Section 5.2, p. 33

質問 # 536
A software company is developing an application in which data must be encrypted with a cipher that requires the following:
* Initialization vector
* Low latency
* Suitable for streaming
Which of the following ciphers should the company use?

A. Cipher block chaining
B. Cipher feedback
C. Cipher block chaining message authentication code
D. Electronic codebook

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
Cipher feedback (CFB) is a mode of operation for block ciphers that allows them to encrypt streaming data.
CFB uses an initialization vector (IV) and a block cipher to generate a keystream that is XORed with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. CFB has low latency because it can encrypt each byte or bit of plaintext as soon as it arrives, without waiting for a full block. CFB is suitable for streaming data because it does not require padding or block synchronization.
B: Cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for block ciphers that provides both encryption and authentication. CBC-MAC uses an IV and a block cipher to encrypt the plaintext and generate a MAC value that is appended to the ciphertext. CBC-MAC has high latency because it requires the entire message to be processed before generating the MAC value. CBC-MAC is not suitable for streaming data because it requires padding and block synchronization.
C: Cipher block chaining (CBC) is a mode of operation for block ciphers that provides encryption only. CBC uses an IV and a block cipher to encrypt each block of plaintext by XORing it with the previous ciphertext block. CBC has high latency because it requires a full block of plaintext before encryption. CBC is not suitable for streaming data because it requires padding and block synchronization.
D: Electronic codebook (ECB) is a mode of operation for block ciphers that provides encryption only. ECB uses a block cipher to encrypt each block of plaintext independently. ECB has low latency because it can encrypt each block of plaintext as soon as it arrives. However, ECB is not suitable for streaming data because it requires padding and block synchronization. Moreover, ECB is insecure because it does not use an IV and produces identical ciphertext blocks for identical plaintext blocks.

質問 # 537
A company recently deployed a SIEM and began importing logs from a firewall, a file server, a domain controller a web server, and a laptop. A security analyst receives a series of SIEM alerts and prepares to respond. The following is the alert information:

Which of the following should the security analyst do FIRST?

A. Disable Administrator on abc-uaa-fsl, the local account is compromised
B. Shut down abc-usa-fw01; the remote access VPN vulnerability is exploited
C. Disable the jdoe account, it is likely compromised
D. Shut down the abc-usa-fsl server, a plaintext credential is being used

正解：C

解説：
Based on the SIEM alerts, the security analyst should first disable the jdoe account, as it is likely compromised by an attacker. The alerts show that the jdoe account successfully logged on to the abc-usa-fsl server, which is a file server, and then initiated SMB (445) traffic to the abc-web01 server, which is a web server. This indicates that the attacker may be trying to exfiltrate data from the file server to the web server. Disabling the jdoe account would help stop this unauthorized activity and prevent further damage.
Disabling Administrator on abc-usa-fsl, the local account is compromised, is not the first action to take, as it is not clear from the alerts if the local account is compromised or not. The alert shows that there was a successful logon event for Administrator on abc-usa-fsl, but it does not specify if it was a local or domain account, or if it was authorized or not. Moreover, disabling the local account would not stop the SMB traffic from jdoe to abc-web01.
Shutting down the abc-usa-fsl server, a plaintext credential is being used, is not the first action to take, as it is not clear from the alerts if a plaintext credential is being used or not. The alert shows that there was RDP (3389) traffic from abc-admin1-logon to abc-usa-fsl, but it does not specify if the credential was encrypted or not. Moreover, shutting down the file server would disrupt its normal operations and affect other users.
Shutting down abc-usa-fw01; the remote access VPN vulnerability is exploited, is not the first action to take, as it is not clear from the alerts if the remote access VPN vulnerability is exploited or not. The alert shows that there was FTP (21) traffic from abc-usa-dcl to abc-web01, but it does not specify if it was related to the VPN or not. Moreover, shutting down the firewall would expose the network to other threats and affect other services. Reference: What is SIEM? | Microsoft Security, What is a SIEM Alert? | Cofense

質問 # 538
......

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CAS-004学習教材を使用すると、競争力を向上させることができます。

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CAS-004試験問題、CAS-004出題内容

CAS-004出題内容、CAS-004無料問題

CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP+) Exam 認定 CAS-004 試験問題 (Q533-Q538):

有難いCAS-004試験問題 & 合格スムーズCAS-004出題内容 | 素敵なCAS-004無料問題

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