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ARDMS AB-Abdomen Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Clinical Care, Practice, and Quality Assurance: This section of the exam tests the competencies of clinical ultrasound specialists and focuses on integrating patient care standards, clinical data, and procedural accuracy in abdominal imaging. It assesses the candidate’s ability to follow established medical guidelines, ensure correct measurements, and provide assistance during interventional or diagnostic procedures. Additionally, this domain emphasizes maintaining high-quality imaging practices and ensuring patient safety. Effective communication, adherence to protocols, and continuous quality improvement are key aspects of this section.
Topic 2	Anatomy, Perfusion, and Function: This section of the exam measures the skills of abdominal sonographers and focuses on evaluating the physical characteristics, blood flow, and overall function of abdominal structures. Candidates must understand how to assess organs such as the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen for size, shape, and movement. It also involves analyzing perfusion to determine how effectively blood circulates through these organs. The goal is to ensure accurate interpretation of both normal and abnormal functions within the abdominal cavity using sonographic imaging.
Topic 3	Abdominal Physics: This section of the exam measures the knowledge of ultrasound technicians in applying imaging physics principles to abdominal sonography. It includes understanding how to optimize ultrasound equipment settings for the best image quality and how to identify and correct imaging artifacts that can distort interpretation. Candidates should demonstrate technical proficiency in handling transducers, adjusting frequency, and managing depth and gain to obtain clear, diagnostic-quality images while minimizing errors caused by acoustic artifacts.
Topic 4	Pathology, Vascular Abnormalities, Trauma, and Postoperative Anatomy: This section of the exam evaluates the abilities of diagnostic medical sonographers and covers the detection and analysis of diseases, vascular issues, trauma-related damage, and surgical alterations in abdominal anatomy. Candidates are expected to identify abnormal growths, inflammations, obstructions, or vascular irregularities that may affect abdominal organs. They must also recognize post-surgical changes and assess healing or complications through imaging. The emphasis is on correlating pathological findings with clinical data to produce precise diagnostic reports that guide further medical management.

ARDMS Abdomen Sonography Examination Sample Questions (Q39-Q44):

NEW QUESTION # 39
Which finding is expected in the contralateral kidney given the pathology depicted in this image?

A. Parapelvic cysts
B. Polycystic kidney
C. Duplicated collecting system
D. Atrophic kidney

Answer: B

Explanation:
The ultrasound image shows a sagittal view of the right kidney with multiple anechoic (black), non- communicating cysts of varying sizes distributed throughout the renal parenchyma, consistent with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
ADPKD is a hereditary disorder characterized by the progressive development of multiple bilateral renal cysts, which leads to renal enlargement and eventual loss of function. This condition typically affects both kidneys, making bilateral polycystic involvement expected. Therefore, the same cystic appearance is anticipated in the contralateral (left) kidney as well.
Comparison of answer choices:
* A. Duplicated collecting system: This is a congenital anomaly but does not result in diffusely cystic kidneys.
* B. Polycystic kidney: Correct. Bilateral renal involvement is the hallmark of ADPKD.
* C. Parapelvic cysts: These are simple cysts located in the renal sinus and do not exhibit the diffuse pattern seen here.
* D. Atrophic kidney: Not typical in the contralateral side in ADPKD; the disease affects both kidneys symmetrically.
References:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound, 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 8th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Torres VE, Harris PC, Pirson Y. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Lancet. 2007;369(9569):
1287-1301.

NEW QUESTION # 40
Which condition is a common cause of biliary duct obstruction?

A. Pneumobilia
B. Cholecystitis
C. Hepatitis
D. Tumor

Answer: D

Explanation:
A tumor (such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic head carcinoma, or metastases) is a common cause of biliary duct obstruction. It can compress or invade the bile ducts, leading to intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct dilatation.
* Cholecystitis (B) typically affects the gallbladder but may rarely cause duct obstruction if complicated.
* Pneumobilia (C) refers to air in the biliary tree, not obstruction.
* Hepatitis (D) causes liver inflammation but not mechanical biliary obstruction.
Reference Extracts:
* Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
* Gore RM, Levine MS. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders, 2015.
-

NEW QUESTION # 41
What is the main purpose for performing focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) exams?

A. Diagnosis of organ laceration
B. Confirmation of peritoneal lavage findings
C. Detection of peritoneal air
D. Detection of free peritoneal fluid

Answer: D

Explanation:
The FAST exam is primarily used to detect free intraperitoneal or pericardial fluid in trauma patients, serving as a rapid, bedside assessment tool. While organ injuries may be suspected, the FAST exam is not primarily designed to assess for solid organ lacerations.
According to AIUM and ACEP guidelines:
"The primary goal of the FAST exam is to detect the presence of free fluid suggestive of hemorrhage in trauma patients." Reference:
American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Ultrasound Guidelines, 2016.
AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of the FAST Examination, 2020.
-

NEW QUESTION # 42
Which condition is most likely the cause of claudication experienced two weeks after this image was obtained?

A. Ruptured Baker cyst
B. Thrombophlebitis
C. Neuropathy
D. Infected hematoma

Answer: A

Explanation:
The ultrasound image demonstrates a fluid-filled structure in the posterior knee region, consistent with a Baker cyst (also called a popliteal cyst). A Baker cyst is a synovial fluid-filled sac arising from the posterior medial aspect of the knee joint, typically extending between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon.
The history of delayed-onset claudication (pain in the calf when walking) two weeks after this image was obtained is strongly suggestive of a ruptured Baker cyst. When a Baker cyst ruptures, synovial fluid may track inferiorly into the calf, producing pain, swelling, and clinical symptoms that mimic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or arterial insufficiency (e.g., pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome).
Ultrasound findings consistent with a ruptured Baker cyst:
* Complex fluid collection tracking along muscle fascial planes (hypoechoic to anechoic)
* Posterior calf swelling and tenderness
* Absence of thrombus in the deep venous system
* Crescent-shaped fluid may be seen between muscle compartments
Why the other choices are incorrect:
* A. Neuropathy: Would not show fluid-filled structures on ultrasound and would not present with calf swelling.
* B. Infected hematoma: May appear complex, but would require a history of trauma or anticoagulation and systemic signs (fever, redness).
* C. Thrombophlebitis: Involves a thrombosed superficial vein with wall thickening and surrounding inflammation, which is not seen in this image.
References:
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). Practice Guidelines for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Examination, 2020.
Bianchi S., Martinoli C. Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Springer, 2007. Chapter: Knee Region - Popliteal Fossa and Baker's Cyst, pp. 433-437.
Radiopaedia.org. Ruptured Baker cyst: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ruptured-bakers-cyst

NEW QUESTION # 43
Identify the congenital anomaly.
Using your mouse, place the cursor on the appropriate region of the image and then left-click the mouse button to indicate your selection.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:
An ultrasound of a fetus AI-generated content may be incorrect.

The ultrasound image shows a transverse (axial) view of the fetal abdomen. Notably, there is abnormal continuity of renal parenchyma across the midline anterior to the aorta, forming a U- or horseshoe-shaped structure. This is characteristic of a congenital anomaly known as a horseshoe kidney.
Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion anomaly of the kidneys, occurring in approximately 1 in 400-
600 live births. It results from fusion of the lower poles of both kidneys during fetal development. On prenatal ultrasound, this anomaly can be suspected when the kidneys appear closer to the midline than usual and are connected by an isthmus of renal tissue or fibrous band that crosses anterior to the spine and great vessels.
Typical sonographic findings include:
* Abnormally located kidneys, often lower than expected
* Renal fusion across the midline (usually at the lower poles)
* Possible associated hydronephrosis or malrotation
Comparison to other anomalies:
* This is not consistent with polycystic kidney disease (which would show diffusely echogenic kidneys with poor corticomedullary differentiation).
* Duplex kidney would show duplicated collecting systems but not fusion across the midline.
* Renal agenesis would demonstrate absence of renal tissue.
* Posterior urethral valves would show a distended bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis, not midline fusion.
References:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound, 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Callen PW. Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6th ed. Elsevier; 2016.
Nyberg DA, McGahan JP, Pretorius DH, Pilu G. Diagnostic Imaging of Fetal Anomalies. Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins; 2003.

NEW QUESTION # 44
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AB-Abdomen Practice Exams | AB-Abdomen Latest Exam Preparation

AB-Abdomen Practice Exams - 100% Efficient Questions Pool

ARDMS AB-Abdomen Exam Syllabus Topics:

ARDMS Abdomen Sonography Examination Sample Questions (Q39-Q44):

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