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CNSP日本語版と英語版 & CNSP試験資料
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CertJukenのCNSP問題集は的中率が100%に達することができます。この問題集は利用したそれぞれの人を順調に試験に合格させます。もちろん、これはあなたが全然努力する必要がないという意味ではありません。あなたがする必要があるのは、問題集に出るすべての問題を真剣に勉強することです。この方法だけで、試験を受けるときに簡単に扱うことができます。いかがですか。CertJukenの問題集はあなたを試験の準備する時間を大量に節約させることができます。これはあなたがCNSP認定試験に合格できる保障です。この資料が欲しいですか。では、早くCertJukenのサイトをクリックして問題集を購入しましょう。それに、購入する前に、資料のサンプルを試すことができます。そうすれば、あなたは自分自身で問題集の品質が良いかどうかを確かめることができます。
The SecOps Group CNSP 認定試験の出題範囲:
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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner 認定 CNSP 試験問題 (Q37-Q42):
質問 # 37
What is the response from an open TCP port which is not behind a firewall?
- A. A SYN and an ACK packet
- B. A SYN packet
- C. A RST and an ACK packet
- D. A FIN and an ACK packet
正解:A
解説:
TCP's three-way handshake, per RFC 793, establishes a connection:
Client → Server: SYN (Synchronize) packet (e.g., port 80).
Server → Client: SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge) packet if the port is open and listening.
Client → Server: ACK (Acknowledge) completes the connection.
Scenario: An open TCP port (e.g., 80 for HTTP) with no firewall. When a client sends a SYN to an open port (e.g., via telnet 192.168.1.1 80), the server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, indicating willingness to connect. No firewall means no filtering alters this standard response.
Packet Details:
SYN-ACK: Sets SYN and ACK flags in the TCP header, with a sequence number and acknowledgment number.
Example: Client SYN (Seq=100), Server SYN-ACK (Seq=200, Ack=101).
Security Implications: Open ports responding with SYN-ACK are easily detected (e.g., Nmap "open" state), inviting exploits if unneeded (e.g., Telnet on 23). CNSP likely stresses port minimization and monitoring.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK closes an established connection, not a response to a new SYN.
B . A SYN packet: SYN initiates a connection from the client, not a server response.
D . A RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK rejects a connection (e.g., closed port), not an open one.
Real-World Context: SYN-ACK from SSH (22/TCP) confirms a server's presence during reconnaissance.
質問 # 38
According to the screenshot below, which of the following statements are correct?
- A. The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol.
- B. The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol.
- C. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol.
- D. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol.
正解:A
解説:
The screenshot is from Wireshark, a network protocol analyzer, displaying captured network traffic. The relevant columns include the source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocol, and additional information about the packets. Let's break down the details:
Destination Port Analysis: The screenshot shows multiple packets with a destination port of 443 (e.g., in the "Destination" column, entries like "172.72.61.9:443"). Port 443 is the default port for HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which is HTTP traffic encrypted using SSL/TLS. This indicates that the application is communicating over HTTPS.
Protocol Analysis: The "Protocol" column lists "TLSv1.2" for most packets (e.g., frame numbers 2000084, 2000086). TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the cryptographic protocol used by HTTPS to secure HTTP communications. This confirms that the traffic is HTTPS, not plain HTTP.
Packet Details: The "Info" column provides additional context, such as "Application Data" for TLS packets, indicating encrypted application-layer data (typical of HTTPS). There are also HTTP packets (e.g., frame 2000088), but these are likely part of the HTTPS session (e.g., HTTP/2 over TLS, as noted by "HTTP2").
Now, let's evaluate the options:
Option A: "The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol." This is correct. The destination port 443 and the use of TLSv1.2 confirm that the application is using HTTPS. HTTPS is the standard protocol for secure web communication, and port 443 is its designated port. CNSP documentation emphasizes that HTTPS traffic on port 443 indicates a secure application-layer protocol, often used for web applications handling sensitive data.
Option B: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. HTTP typically uses port 80, but the screenshot shows traffic on port 443 with TLS, indicating HTTPS. Credentials submitted over this connection would be encrypted via HTTPS, not sent in plaintext over HTTP. CNSP highlights the security risks of HTTP for credential submission due to lack of encryption, which isn't the case here.
Option C: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol." While this statement could be true (since HTTPS is in use, any credentials would likely be submitted securely), the question asks for the "correct" statement based on the screenshot. The screenshot doesn't explicitly show credential submission (e.g., a POST request with form data); it only shows the protocol and port. Option A is more directly supported by the screenshot as it focuses on the application's protocol and port, not the specific action of credential submission. CNSP notes that HTTPS ensures confidentiality, but this option requires more specific evidence of credentials.
Option D: "The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. Port 80 is the default for HTTP, but the screenshot clearly shows port 443 and TLS, indicating HTTPS. CNSP documentation contrasts HTTP (port 80, unencrypted) with HTTPS (port 443, encrypted), making this option invalid.
Conclusion: Option A is the most accurate and comprehensive statement directly supported by the screenshot, confirming the application's use of port 443 and HTTPS. While Option C might be true in a broader context, it's less definitive without explicit evidence of credential submission in the captured packets.
質問 # 39
Which of the following statements regarding Authorization and Authentication is true?
- A. Authentication includes the execution rules that determine what functionality and data the user can access. Authentication and Authorization are both the same thing.
- B. Authorization is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authentication is providing and validating the identity.
- C. Authentication is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authorization is providing and validating identity.
- D. Authentication controls which processes a person can use and which files they can access, read, or modify. Authentication and authorization typically do not operate together, thus making it impossible to determine who is accessing the information.
正解:B
解説:
Authentication and Authorization (often abbreviated as AuthN and AuthZ) are foundational pillars of access control in network security:
Authentication (AuthN): Verifies "who you are" by validating credentials against a trusted source. Examples include passwords, MFA (multi-factor authentication), certificates, or biometrics. It ensures the entity (user, device) is legitimate, typically via protocols like Kerberos or LDAP.
Authorization (AuthZ): Determines "what you can do" after authentication, enforcing policies on resource access (e.g., read/write permissions, API calls). It relies on mechanisms like Access Control Lists (ACLs), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), or Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC).
Option A correctly separates these roles:
Authorization governs access decisions (e.g., "Can user X read file Y?").
Authentication establishes identity (e.g., "Is this user X?").
In practice, these processes are sequential: AuthN precedes AuthZ. For example, logging into a VPN authenticates your identity (e.g., via username/password), then authorizes your access to specific subnets based on your role. CNSP likely stresses this distinction for designing secure systems, as conflating them risks privilege escalation or identity spoofing vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: Reverses the definitions-Authentication doesn't grant/deny access (that's AuthZ), and Authorization doesn't validate identity (that's AuthN). This mix-up could lead to flawed security models.
C: Falsely equates AuthN and AuthZ and attributes access rules to AuthN. They're distinct processes; treating them as identical undermines granular control (e.g., NIST SP 800-53 separates IA-2 for AuthN and AC-3 for AuthZ).
D: Misassigns access control to AuthN and claims they don't interoperate, which is false-they work together in every modern system (e.g., SSO with RBAC). This would render auditing impossible, contradicting security best practices.
Real-World Context: A web server (e.g., Apache) authenticates via HTTP Basic Auth, then authorizes via .htaccess rules-two separate steps.
質問 # 40
Where is the system registry file stored in a Microsoft Windows Operating System?
- A. C:Windowsdebug
- B. All of the above
- C. C:Windowssecurity
- D. C:WindowsSystem32Config
正解:D
解説:
The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database storing configuration settings for the operating system, applications, and hardware. It's physically stored as hive files on disk, located in the directory C:WindowsSystem32Config. These files are loaded into memory at boot time and managed by the Windows kernel. Key hive files include:
SYSTEM: Contains hardware and system configuration (e.g., drivers, services).
SOFTWARE: Stores software settings.
SAM: Security Accounts Manager data (e.g., local user accounts, passwords).
SECURITY: Security policies and permissions.
DEFAULT: Default user profile settings.
USERDIFF and user-specific hives (e.g., NTUSER.DAT in C:Users<username>) for individual profiles, though these are linked to Config indirectly.
Technical Details:
Path: C:WindowsSystem32Config is the primary location for system-wide hives. Files lack extensions (e.g., "SYSTEM" not "SYSTEM.DAT") and are backed by transaction logs (e.g., SYSTEM.LOG) for recovery.
Access: Direct file access is restricted while Windows runs, as the kernel locks them. Tools like reg save or offline forensic utilities (e.g., RegRipper) can extract them.
Backup: Copies may exist in C:WindowsSystem32configRegBack (pre-Windows 10 1803) or repair folders (e.g., C:WindowsRepair).
Security Implications: The registry is a prime target for attackers (e.g., persistence via Run keys) and malware (e.g., WannaCry modified registry entries). CNSP likely emphasizes securing this directory (e.g., NTFS permissions) and auditing changes (e.g., via Event Viewer, Event ID 4657). Compromising these files offline (e.g., via physical access) can extract password hashes from SAM.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . C:Windowsdebug: Used for debug logs (e.g., memory.dmp) or tools like DebugView, not registry hives. It's unrelated to core configuration storage.
C . C:Windowssecurity: Contains security-related files (e.g., audit logs, policy templates), but not the registry hives themselves.
D . All of the above: Only B is correct; including A and C dilutes accuracy.
Real-World Context: Forensic analysts target C:WindowsSystem32Config during investigations (e.g., parsing SAM with Mimikatz offline).
質問 # 41
Which of the following files has the SUID permission set?
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 myfile
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 4896 Jan 1 08:00 myprogram
-rw-r--r-s 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 anotherfile
- A. All of the above
- B. anotherfile
- C. myfile
- D. myprogram
正解:D
解説:
In Linux/Unix, file permissions are displayed in a 10-character string (e.g., -rwxr-xr-x), where the first character is the file type (- for regular files) and the next nine are permissions for user (owner), group, and others (rwx = read, write, execute). Special bits like SUID (Set User ID) modify execution behavior:
SUID: When set, a program runs with the owner's permissions (e.g., root) rather than the executor's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute position (replacing x if executable, or capitalized S if not).
Analysis:
-rwxr-sr-x (myfile): User: rwx, Group: r-s (SGID), Others: r-x. The s is in the group execute position, indicating SGID, not SUID.
-rwsr-xr-x (myprogram): User: rws (SUID), Group: r-x, Others: r-x. The s in the user execute position confirms SUID; owned by root, it runs as root.
-rw-r--r-s (anotherfile): User: rw-, Group: r--, Others: r-s. The s is in the others execute position, but no x exists, making it irrelevant (and not SUID). Typically, s here would be a sticky bit on directories, not files.
Security Implications: SUID binaries (e.g., /usr/bin/passwd) are common targets for privilege escalation if misconfigured (e.g., writable by non-root users). CNSP likely emphasizes auditing SUID permissions with find / -perm -u=s.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . myfile: Has SGID (s in group), not SUID.
C . anotherfile: The s doesn't indicate SUID; it's a misapplied bit without execute permission.
D . All of the above: Only myprogram has SUID.
Real-World Context: Exploiting SUID binaries is a classic Linux attack vector (e.g., CVE-2016-1247 for Nginx).
質問 # 42
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