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Amazon SCS-C02 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Security Logging and Monitoring: This topic prepares AWS Security specialists to design and implement robust monitoring and alerting systems for addressing security events. It emphasizes troubleshooting logging solutions and analyzing logs to enhance threat visibility.
Topic 2	Data Protection: AWS Security specialists learn to ensure data confidentiality and integrity for data in transit and at rest. Topics include lifecycle management of data at rest, credential protection, and cryptographic key management. These capabilities are central to managing sensitive data securely, reflecting the exam's focus on advanced data protection strategies.
Topic 3	Threat Detection and Incident Response: In this topic, AWS Security specialists gain expertise in crafting incident response plans and detecting security threats and anomalies using AWS services. It delves into effective strategies for responding to compromised resources and workloads, ensuring readiness to manage security incidents. Mastering these concepts is critical for handling scenarios assessed in the SCS-C02 Exam.

Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):

NEW QUESTION # 57
A company has implemented IAM WAF and Amazon CloudFront for an application. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are part of an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
The IAM WAF web ACL uses an IAM Managed Rules rule group and is associated with the CloudFront distribution. CloudFront receives the request from IAM WAF and then uses the ALB as the distribution's origin.
During a security review, a security engineer discovers that the infrastructure is susceptible to a large, layer 7 DDoS attack.
How can the security engineer improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against this type of attack?

A. Configure the CloudFront distribution to use the Lambda@Edge feature. Create an IAM Lambda function that imposes a rate limit on CloudFront viewer requests. Block the request if the rate limit is exceeded.
B. Configure the CloudFront distribution to use IAM WAF as its origin instead of the ALB.
C. Configure the IAM WAF web ACL so that the web ACL has more capacity units to process all IAM WAF rules faster.
D. Configure IAM WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
To improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against a large, layer 7 DDoS attack, the security engineer should do the following:
Configure AWS WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded. This allows the security engineer to use a rule that tracks the number of requests from a single IP address and blocks subsequent requests if they exceed a specified threshold within a specified time period.

NEW QUESTION # 58
A company needs to improve its ability to identify and prevent IAM policies that grant public access or cross-account access to resources. The company has implemented AWS Organizations and has started using AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to refine overly broad access to accounts in the organization.
A security engineer must automate a response in the company's organization for any newly created policies that are overly permissive. The automation must remediate external access and must notify the company's security team.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

A. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic for external or cross-account access notices. Subscribe the security team's email addresses to the topic.
B. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that checks the resource type in the finding and adds an explicit Deny statement in the trust policy for the IAM role. Configure the state machine to publish a notification to an Amazon SimpleNotification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
C. In Amazon EventBridge, create an event rule that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Step Functions for resolution.
D. Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the queue to forward a notification to the security team that an external principal has been granted access to the specific IAM role and has been blocked.
E. In Amazon CloudWatch, create a metric filter that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Batch for resolution.
F. Create an AWS Batch job that forwards any resource type findings to an AWS Lambda function.
Configure the Lambda function to add an explicit Deny statement in the trust policy for the IAM role.
Configure the AWS Batch job to publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Answer: A,B,C

Explanation:
The correct answer is A, C, and F.
To automate a response for any newly created policies that are overly permissive, the security engineer needs to use a combination of services that can monitor, analyze, remediate, and notify the security incidents.
Option A is correct because creating an AWS Step Functions state machine that checks the resource type in the finding and adds an explicit Deny statement in the trust policy for the IAM role is a valid way to remediate external access. AWS Step Functions is a service that allows you to coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. You can use Step Functions to invoke AWS Lambda functions, which can modify the IAM policies programmatically. You can also use Step Functions to publish a notification to an Amazon SNS topic, which can send messages to subscribers such as email addresses.
Option B is incorrect because creating an AWS Batch job that forwards any resource type findings to an AWS Lambda function is not a suitable way to automate a response. AWS Batch is a service that enables you to run batch computing workloads on AWS. Batch is designed for large-scale and long-running jobs that can benefit from parallelization and dynamic provisioning of compute resources. Batch is not intended for event-driven and real-time workflows that require immediate response.
Option C is correct because creating an Amazon EventBridge event rule that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Step Functions for resolution is a valid way to monitor and analyze the security incidents. Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service that allows you to connect your applications with data from various sources. EventBridge can use rules to match events and route them to targets for processing. You can use EventBridge to invoke AWS Step Functions state machines from the IAM Access Analyzer findings.
Option D is incorrect because creating an Amazon CloudWatch metric filter that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Batch for resolution is not a suitable way to monitor and analyze the security incidents. Amazon CloudWatch is a service that provides monitoring and observability for your AWS resources and applications. CloudWatch can collect metrics, logs, and events from various sources and perform actions based on alarms or filters. However, CloudWatch cannot directly invoke AWS Batch jobs from the IAM Access Analyzer findings. You would need to use another service such as EventBridge or SNS to trigger the Batch job.
Option E is incorrect because creating an Amazon SQS queue that forwards a notification to the security team that an external principal has been granted access to the specific IAM role and has been blocked is not a valid way to notify the security incidents. Amazon SQS is a fully managed message queue service that enables you to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications. SQS can deliver messages to consumers that poll the queue for messages. However, SQS cannot directly forward a notification to the security team's email addresses. You would need to use another service such as SNS or SES to send email notifications.
Option F is correct because creating an Amazon SNS topic for external or cross-account access notices and subscribing the security team's email addresses to the topic is a valid way to notify the security incidents.
Amazon SNS is a fully managed messaging service that enables you to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications. SNS can deliver messages to a variety of endpoints, such as email, SMS, or HTTP. You can use SNS to send email notifications to the security team when a critical security finding is detected.
References:
* AWS Step Functions
* AWS Batch
* Amazon EventBridge
* Amazon CloudWatch
* Amazon SQS
* Amazon SNS

NEW QUESTION # 59
A company has a group of Amazon EC2 instances in a single private subnet of a VPC with no internet gateway attached. A security engineer has installed the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all instances in that subnet to capture logs from a specific application. To ensure that the logs flow securely, the company's networking team has created VPC endpoints for CloudWatch monitoring and CloudWatch logs. The networking team has attached the endpoints to the VPC.
The application is generating logs. However, when the security engineer queries CloudWatch, the logs do not appear.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose three.)

A. Ensure that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other to aggregate logs before sending.
B. Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files.
C. Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them.
D. Create a NAT gateway in the subnet so that the EC2 instances can communicate with CloudWatch.
E. Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs.
F. Create a metric filter on the logs so that they can be viewed in the AWS Management Console.

Answer: B,C,E

Explanation:
The possible steps to troubleshoot this issue are:
A) Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent uses the credentials from the instance profile to communicate with CloudWatch1.
C) Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent needs to know which log files to monitor and send to CloudWatch2.
D) Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them. This is a necessary step because the VPC endpoint policies control which principals can access the AWS services through the endpoints3.
The other options are incorrect because:
B) Creating a metric filter on the logs is not a troubleshooting step, but a way to extract metric data from the logs. Metric filters do not affect the visibility of the logs in the AWS Management Console.
E) Creating a NAT gateway in the subnet is not a solution, because the EC2 instances do not need internet access to communicate with CloudWatch through the VPC endpoints. A NAT gateway would also incur additional costs.
F) Ensuring that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other is not a necessary step, because the CloudWatch agent does not require log aggregation before sending. Each EC2 instance can send its own logs independently to CloudWatch.
Reference:
1: IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 2: CloudWatch Agent Configuration File: Logs Section 3: Using Amazon VPC Endpoints : Metric Filters : NAT Gateways : CloudWatch Agent Reference: Log Aggregation

NEW QUESTION # 60
A company has AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes a dedicated security account.
All AWS account activity across all member accounts must be logged and reported to the dedicated security account. The company must retain all the activity logs in a secure storage location within the dedicated security account for 2 years. No changes or deletions of the logs are allowed.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

A. Turn on AWS CloudTrail in each account. Configure logs to be delivered to an Amazon S3 bucket that is created in the organization's management account. Forward the logs to the S3 bucket in the dedicated security account by using AWS Lambda and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose.
B. Create an AWS Cloud Trail trail for the organization. Configure logs to be delivered to the logging Amazon S3 bucket in the dedicated security account.
C. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket that has an S3 Lifecycle configuration that expires objects after 2 years. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket.
D. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's management account to write to the S3 bucket.
E. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket.

Answer: B,E

Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer is B and D. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail for the organization. Configure logs to be delivered to the logging Amazon S3 bucket in the dedicated security account.
According to the AWS documentation, AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account. With CloudTrail, you can log, continuously monitor, and retain account activity related to actions across your AWS infrastructure. CloudTrail provides event history of your AWS account activity, including actions taken through the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and other AWS services.
To use CloudTrail with multiple AWS accounts and regions, you need to enable AWS Organizations with all features enabled. This allows you to centrally manage your accounts and apply policies across your organization. You can also use CloudTrail as a service principal for AWS Organizations, which lets you create an organization trail that applies to all accounts in your organization. An organization trail logs events for all AWS Regions and delivers the log files to an S3 bucket that you specify.
To create an organization trail, you need to use an administrator account, such as the organization's management account or a delegated administrator account. You can then configure the trail to deliver logs to an S3 bucket in the dedicated security account. This will ensure that all account activity across all member accounts and regions is logged and reported to the security account.
According to the AWS documentation, Amazon S3 is an object storage service that offers scalability, data availability, security, and performance. You can use S3 to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. You can also use S3 features such as lifecycle management, encryption, versioning, and replication to optimize your storage.
To use S3 with CloudTrail logs, you need to create an S3 bucket in the dedicated security account that will store the logs from the organization trail. You can then configure S3 Object Lock on the bucket to prevent objects from being deleted or overwritten for a fixed amount of time or indefinitely. You can also enable compliance mode on the bucket, which prevents any user, including the root user in your account, from deleting or modifying a locked object until it reaches its retention date.
To set a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket, you need to create a default retention configuration for the bucket that specifies a retention mode (either governance or compliance) and a retention period (either a number of days or a date). You can then set the bucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket. This will ensure that all logs are retained in a secure storage location within the security account for 2 years and no changes or deletions are allowed.
Option A is incorrect because setting the bucket policy to allow the organization's management account to write to the S3 bucket is not sufficient, as it will not grant access to the other member accounts in the organization.
Option C is incorrect because using an S3 Lifecycle configuration that expires objects after 2 years is not secure, as it will allow users to delete or modify objects before they expire.
Option E is incorrect because using Lambda and Kinesis Data Firehose to forward logs from one S3 bucket to another is not necessary, as CloudTrail can directly deliver logs to an S3 bucket in another account. It also introduces additional operational overhead and complexity.

NEW QUESTION # 61
A company is using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to run its container-based application on AWS. The company needs to ensure that the container images contain no severe vulnerabilities. The company also must ensure that only specific IAM roles and specific AWS accounts can access the container images.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead?

A. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories with scan on push configured in a centralized AWS account. Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy the images to different AWS accounts. Use repository policies and identity-based policies to restrict access to which IAM principals and accounts can access the images.
B. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to a private container registry that is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances in a centralized AWS account. Deploy host-based container scanning tools to EC2 instances that run Amazon ECS. Restrict access to the container images by using basic authentication over HTTPS.
C. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories with scan on push configured in a centralized AWS account. Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy the images to different AWS accounts. Use identity-based policies to restrict access to which IAM principals can access the images.
D. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to AWS CodeArtifact repositories in a centralized AWS account. Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy the images to different AWS accounts. Use repository policies and identity-based policies to restrict access to which IAM principals and accounts can access the images.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories with scan on push configured in a centralized AWS account.
Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy the images to different AWS accounts. Use repository policies and identity-based policies to restrict access to which IAM principals and accounts can access the images.
This solution meets the requirements because:
* Amazon ECR is a fully managed container registry service that supports Docker and OCI images and artifacts1. It integrates with Amazon ECS and other AWS services to simplify the development and deployment of container-based applications.
* Amazon ECR provides image scanning on push, which uses the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) database from the open-source Clair project to detect software vulnerabilities in container images2. The scan results are available in the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs2.
* Amazon ECR supports cross-account access to repositories, which allows sharing images across
* multiple AWS accounts3. This can be achieved by using repository policies, which are resource-based policies that specify which IAM principals and accounts can access the repositories and what actions they can perform4. Additionally, identity-based policies can be used to control which IAM roles in each account can access the repositories5.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. This option does not use repository policies to restrict cross-account access to the images, which is a requirement. Identity-based policies alone are not sufficient to control access to Amazon ECR repositories5.
* B. This option does not use Amazon ECR, which is a fully managed service that provides image scanning and cross-account access features. Hosting a private container registry on EC2 instances would require more management overhead and additional security measures.
* D. This option uses AWS CodeArtifact, which is a fully managed artifact repository service that supports Maven, npm, NuGet, PyPI, and generic package formats6. However, AWS CodeArtifact does not support Docker or OCI container images, which are required for Amazon ECS applications.

NEW QUESTION # 62
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Amazon SCS-C02 Online Lab Simulation, SCS-C02 Exam Preparation

SCS-C02 Exam Preparation - SCS-C02 New Test Materials

Amazon SCS-C02 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):

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